Child Rights, Islamic Law, and Incest Guardianship
Resolving Tension Through Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23031/r89dxg11Keywords:
Child Rights, Islamic Law, Incest Guardianship, Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ahAbstract
The protection of children's rights in contemporary family law often encounters theological obstacles when confronted with the issue of marriage guardianship for female child victims of incest. Classical Islamic law, through the consensus of the majority of madhhabs, severs the civil relationship, lineage, and guardianship rights (wilāyah al-nikāḥ) between a child born of incest and her biological father, while positive law and the Convention on the Rights of the Child demand absolute protection of the child's identity and future regardless of birth origin. This study aims to analyze and formulate an integrative legal reconciliation mechanism through the lens of Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah. This research is a normative legal study (doctrinal legal research) employing a juridical-normative approach and library research, using deductive-interpretive content analysis with maṣlaḥah reasoning as the primary instrument. The findings reveal that the four major madhhabs Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali, concur that a biological father who commits incest loses his eligibility as a marriage guardian because he fulfills the criteria of fisq mubin and ḍarar muḥaqqaq, and thus guardianship must be transferred to the guardian judge (wilāyah al-qāḍī). However, in Indonesian positive law, this normative consensus has not been operationally implemented, as the Compilation of Islamic Law and Minister of Religious Affairs Regulation No. 20 of 2019 still retain the father as the primary nasab guardian without a clause revoking guardianship rights in cases of sexual violence. The discussion affirms that the automatic revocation of the perpetrator father's guardianship (ipso jure) and its transfer to the guardian judge constitute a manifestation of ḥifẓ al-nafs, ḥifẓ al-nasl, and ḥifẓ al-'irdh, and align with the principle of jalb al-maṣāliḥ wa dar' al-mafāsid. This study recommends the formulation of technical regulations on guardianship specifically for child victims of incest to ensure confidentiality and ease of legal access.
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