Menguji Relevansi Marhaenisme Sukarno dalam Demokrasi Elektoral Indonesia: Antara Kedaulatan Rakyat dan Oligarki Politik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23031/e6b91f39Keywords:
Demokrasi Elektoral, Kedaulatan Rakyat, Marhaenisme, Oligarki Politik, SukarnoAbstract
Demokrasi elektoral Indonesia telah berkembang melalui pemilu yang kompetitif dan mekanisme pergantian kekuasaan secara berkala, tetapi keberadaan prosedur elektoral belum sepenuhnya menjamin terwujudnya kedaulatan rakyat secara substantif. Konsentrasi sumber daya ekonomi, jaringan elite, politik patronase, dan oligarki politik dapat membatasi kesetaraan akses serta kapasitas masyarakat dalam memengaruhi proses politik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis relevansi prinsip-prinsip Marhaenisme Sukarno dalam membaca ketegangan antara kedaulatan rakyat dan oligarki politik dalam demokrasi elektoral Indonesia kontemporer. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kepustakaan dan analisis dokumen melalui pendekatan interpretatif-kontekstual. Sumber penelitian terdiri atas karya-karya Sukarno sebagai sumber primer serta buku dan artikel ilmiah mengenai Marhaenisme, demokrasi, oligarki, dan politik elektoral sebagai sumber sekunder. Analisis dilakukan melalui interpretasi tekstual, analisis kontekstual, dan analisis relevansi terhadap persoalan demokrasi kontemporer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Marhaenisme tetap relevan secara kritis, kontekstual, dan selektif, terutama melalui prinsip kedaulatan rakyat, kesetaraan politik, keberpihakan terhadap kelompok yang termarginalisasi, dan keadilan sosial. Demokrasi elektoral dapat menyediakan legitimasi formal melalui pemilu, tetapi konsentrasi sumber daya politik dan ekonomi dapat membatasi realisasi kedaulatan rakyat secara substantif. Marhaenisme karena itu lebih tepat ditempatkan sebagai kerangka kritik normatif untuk memperluas pemahaman demokrasi dari sekadar prosedur elektoral menuju persoalan distribusi kekuasaan, kesetaraan politik, partisipasi publik, dan keadilan sosial.
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